How to Read Multiple Lines From Stdin in Python Into Pandas
tqdm derives from the Arabic word taqaddum (تقدّم) which can mean "progress," and is an abbreviation for "I love you lot so much" in Spanish (te quiero demasiado).
Instantly make your loops testify a smart progress meter - only wrap any iterable with tqdm(iterable), and you're done!
trange(North) tin be besides used as a convenient shortcut for tqdm(range(N)).
Overhead is low – near 60ns per iteration (80ns with tqdm.gui), and is unit of measurement tested against performance regression. Past comparison, the well-established ProgressBar has an 800ns/iter overhead.
In addition to its low overhead, tqdm uses smart algorithms to predict the remaining time and to skip unnecessary iteration displays, which allows for a negligible overhead in most cases.
tqdm works on any platform (Linux, Windows, Mac, FreeBSD, NetBSD, Solaris/SunOS), in whatsoever panel or in a GUI, and is also friendly with IPython/Jupyter notebooks.
tqdm does non require any dependencies (not even curses!), but Python and an environment supporting carriage return \r and line feed \n command characters.
Installation
Latest Conda release
conda install -c conda-forge tqdm
Latest Snapcraft release
There are 3 channels to cull from:
snap install tqdm # implies --stable, i.e. latest tagged release snap install tqdm --candidate # master branch snap install tqdm --edge # devel co-operative
Annotation that snap binaries are purely for CLI utilise (non import-able), and automatically fix bash tab-completion.
Latest Docker release
docker pull tqdm/tqdm docker run -i --rm tqdm/tqdm --help
Other
There are other (unofficial) places where tqdm may be downloaded, particularly for CLI utilise:
Changelog
The listing of all changes is available either on GitHub's Releases: , on the wiki, or on the website.
Usage
tqdm is very versatile and tin can be used in a number of ways. The 3 main ones are given beneath.
Iterable-based
Wrap tqdm() around any iterable:
from tqdm import tqdm from fourth dimension import sleep text = "" for char in tqdm ([ "a" , "b" , "c" , "d" ]): sleep ( 0.25 ) text = text + char
trange(i) is a special optimised instance of tqdm(range(i)):
from tqdm import trange for i in trange ( 100 ): slumber ( 0.01 )
Instantiation exterior of the loop allows for transmission control over tqdm():
pbar = tqdm ([ "a" , "b" , "c" , "d" ]) for char in pbar : sleep ( 0.25 ) pbar . set_description ( "Processing %s " % char )
Manual
Manual control of tqdm() updates using a with statement:
with tqdm ( total = 100 ) equally pbar : for i in range ( x ): sleep ( 0.ane ) pbar . update ( 10 )
If the optional variable full (or an iterable with len()) is provided, predictive stats are displayed.
with is too optional (you can simply assign tqdm() to a variable, but in this instance don't forget to del or close() at the end:
pbar = tqdm ( total = 100 ) for i in range ( x ): sleep ( 0.one ) pbar . update ( 10 ) pbar . shut ()
Module
Perhaps the most wonderful employ of tqdm is in a script or on the command line. Simply inserting tqdm (or python -1000 tqdm) betwixt pipes volition pass through all stdin to stdout while printing progress to stderr.
The example below demonstrate counting the number of lines in all Python files in the current directory, with timing data included.
$ fourth dimension find . -name '*.py' -type f -exec cat \{ } \; | wc -l 857365 existent 0m3.458s user 0m0.274s sys 0m3.325s $ time find . -name '*.py' -type f -exec cat \{ } \; | tqdm | wc -l 857366it [ 00:03, 246471.31it/south] 857365 real 0m3.585s user 0m0.862s sys 0m3.358s
Note that the usual arguments for tqdm can likewise be specified.
$ observe . -name '*.py' -type f -exec cat \{ } \; | tqdm --unit of measurement loc --unit_scale --total 857366 >> /dev/zilch 100%|█████████████████████████████████| 857K/857K [ 00:04<00:00, 246Kloc/s]
Backing up a large directory?
$ tar -zcf - docs/ | tqdm --bytes --total `du -sb docs/ | cutting -f1` \ > backup.tgz 44%|██████████████▊ | 153M/352M [ 00:14<00:18, 11.0MB/s]
This tin be beautified further:
$ BYTES = " $(du -sb docs/ | cut -f1) " $ tar -cf - docs/ \ | tqdm --bytes --total " $BYTES " --desc Processing | gzip \ | tqdm --bytes --total " $BYTES " --desc Compressed --position 1 \ > ~/backup.tgz Processing: 100%|██████████████████████| 352M/352M [ 00:14<00:00, 30.2MB/s] Compressed: 42%|█████████▎ | 148M/352M [ 00:14<00:19, x.9MB/s]
Or done on a file level using 7-nada:
$ 7z a -bd -r backup.7z docs/ | grep Compressing \ | tqdm --total $(find docs/ -type f | wc -fifty) --unit files \ | grep -five Compressing 100%|██████████████████████████▉| 15327/15327 [ 01:00<00:00, 712.96files/due south]
Pre-existing CLI programs already outputting basic progress data will benefit from tqdm'southward --update and --update_to flags:
$ seq 3 0.one 5 | tqdm --total five --update_to --null 100%|████████████████████████████████████| 5.0/5 [ 00:00<00:00, 9673.21it/southward] $ seq 10 | tqdm --update --cipher # ane + ii + ... + ten = 55 iterations 55it [ 00:00, 90006.52it/s]
FAQ and Known Issues
The virtually common bug relate to excessive output on multiple lines, instead of a neat one-line progress bar.
- Consoles in general: require back up for carriage return (CR, \r).
- Nested progress bars:
- Consoles in general: require support for moving cursors upwardly to the previous line. For case, IDLE, ConEmu and PyCharm (besides here, here, and here) lack full back up.
- Windows: additionally may require the Python module colorama to ensure nested bars stay within their respective lines.
- Unicode:
- Environments which report that they support unicode will take solid polish progressbars. The fallback is an ascii-just bar.
- Windows consoles often merely partially support unicode and thus often crave explicit ascii=True (also here). This is due to either normal-width unicode characters being incorrectly displayed as "wide", or some unicode characters not rendering.
- Wrapping generators:
- Generator wrapper functions tend to hide the length of iterables. tqdm does not.
- Replace tqdm(enumerate(...)) with enumerate(tqdm(...)) or tqdm(enumerate(x), full=len(x), ...) . The same applies to numpy.ndenumerate.
- Supervene upon tqdm(zip(a, b)) with zip(tqdm(a), b) or fifty-fifty zip(tqdm(a), tqdm(b)).
- The same applies to itertools.
- Some useful convenience functions tin can exist found under tqdm.contrib.
- Hanging pipes in python2: when using tqdm on the CLI, you may demand to use Python iii.5+ for correct buffering.
- No intermediate output in docker-compose: employ docker-etch run instead of docker-compose up and tty: truthful.
If yous come across whatever other difficulties, browse and file .
Documentation
(Since 19 May 2016)
class tqdm (): """ Decorate an iterable object, returning an iterator which acts exactly similar the original iterable, but prints a dynamically updating progressbar every time a value is requested. """ def __init__ ( self , iterable = None , desc = None , total = None , go out = Truthful , file = None , ncols = None , mininterval = 0.1 , maxinterval = 10.0 , miniters = None , ascii = None , disable = False , unit = 'information technology' , unit_scale = Imitation , dynamic_ncols = Imitation , smoothing = 0.3 , bar_format = None , initial = 0 , position = None , postfix = None , unit_divisor = thousand ):
Parameters
-
- iterable : iterable, optional
-
Iterable to decorate with a progressbar. Leave blank to manually manage the updates.
-
- desc : str, optional
-
Prefix for the progressbar.
-
- total : int or bladder, optional
-
The number of expected iterations. If unspecified, len(iterable) is used if possible. If float("inf") or equally a terminal resort, only basic progress statistics are displayed (no ETA, no progressbar). If gui is Truthful and this parameter needs subsequent updating, specify an initial arbitrary big positive number, eastward.thou. 9e9.
-
- leave : bool, optional
-
If [default: True], keeps all traces of the progressbar upon termination of iteration. If None, will exit merely if position is 0.
-
- file : io.TextIOWrapper or io.StringIO, optional
-
Specifies where to output the progress letters (default: sys.stderr). Uses file.write(str) and file.flush() methods. For encoding, meet write_bytes.
-
- ncols : int, optional
-
The width of the unabridged output bulletin. If specified, dynamically resizes the progressbar to stay inside this spring. If unspecified, attempts to utilize environment width. The fallback is a meter width of ten and no limit for the counter and statistics. If 0, will non impress any meter (only stats).
-
- mininterval : float, optional
-
Minimum progress brandish update interval [default: 0.1] seconds.
-
- maxinterval : float, optional
-
Maximum progress display update interval [default: x] seconds. Automatically adjusts miniters to correspond to mininterval after long display update lag. Only works if dynamic_miniters or monitor thread is enabled.
-
- miniters : int or float, optional
-
Minimum progress display update interval, in iterations. If 0 and dynamic_miniters, will automatically adapt to equal mininterval (more than CPU efficient, good for tight loops). If > 0, will skip display of specified number of iterations. Tweak this and mininterval to become very efficient loops. If your progress is erratic with both fast and irksome iterations (network, skipping items, etc) y'all should set miniters=1.
-
- ascii : bool or str, optional
-
If unspecified or False, apply unicode (smooth blocks) to fill the meter. The fallback is to use ASCII characters " 123456789#".
-
- disable : bool, optional
-
Whether to disable the entire progressbar wrapper [default: Simulated]. If prepare to None, disable on non-TTY.
-
- unit : str, optional
-
Cord that will be used to define the unit of each iteration [default: it].
-
- unit_scale : bool or int or float, optional
-
If 1 or True, the number of iterations volition be reduced/scaled automatically and a metric prefix following the International System of Units standard will be added (kilo, mega, etc.) [default: Fake]. If any other not-zero number, volition calibration total and n.
-
- dynamic_ncols : bool, optional
-
If set, constantly alters ncols and nrows to the surroundings (allowing for window resizes) [default: False].
-
- smoothing : float, optional
-
Exponential moving average smoothing factor for speed estimates (ignored in GUI mode). Ranges from 0 (average speed) to 1 (electric current/instantaneous speed) [default: 0.iii].
-
- bar_format : str, optional
-
Specify a custom bar string formatting. May impact operation. [default: '{l_bar}{bar}{r_bar}'], where l_bar='{desc}: {percent:3.0f}%|' and r_bar='| {n_fmt}/{total_fmt} [{elapsed}<{remaining}, ' '{rate_fmt}{postfix}]' Possible vars: l_bar, bar, r_bar, n, n_fmt, full, total_fmt, percentage, elapsed, elapsed_s, ncols, nrows, desc, unit, rate, rate_fmt, rate_noinv, rate_noinv_fmt, rate_inv, rate_inv_fmt, postfix, unit_divisor, remaining, remaining_s, eta. Note that a trailing ": " is automatically removed after {desc} if the latter is empty.
-
- initial : int or float, optional
-
The initial counter value. Useful when restarting a progress bar [default: 0]. If using float, consider specifying {n:.3f} or similar in bar_format, or specifying unit_scale.
-
- position : int, optional
-
Specify the line offset to print this bar (starting from 0) Automatic if unspecified. Useful to manage multiple bars at in one case (eg, from threads).
-
- postfix : dict or *, optional
-
Specify additional stats to brandish at the end of the bar. Calls set_postfix(**postfix) if possible (dict).
-
- unit_divisor : float, optional
-
[default: 1000], ignored unless unit_scale is Truthful.
-
- write_bytes : bool, optional
-
If (default: None) and file is unspecified, bytes will be written in Python 2. If True volition also write bytes. In all other cases volition default to unicode.
-
- lock_args : tuple, optional
-
Passed to refresh for intermediate output (initialisation, iterating, and updating).
-
- nrows : int, optional
-
The screen height. If specified, hides nested confined outside this bound. If unspecified, attempts to apply environment height. The fallback is 20.
-
- colour : str, optional
-
Bar colour (eastward.g. 'dark-green', '#00ff00').
-
- delay : float, optional
-
Don't display until [default: 0] seconds have elapsed.
Returns
- out : decorated iterator.
class tqdm (): def update ( self , n = 1 ): """ Manually update the progress bar, useful for streams such as reading files. E.g.: >>> t = tqdm(total=filesize) # Initialise >>> for current_buffer in stream: ... ... ... t.update(len(current_buffer)) >>> t.close() The last line is highly recommended, but peradventure not necessary if ``t.update()`` will exist chosen in such a manner that ``filesize`` will be exactly reached and printed. Parameters ---------- n : int or bladder, optional Increment to add together to the internal counter of iterations [default: 1]. If using float, consider specifying ``{n:.3f}`` or similar in ``bar_format``, or specifying ``unit_scale``. Returns ------- out : bool or None Truthful if a ``display()`` was triggered. """ def shut ( self ): """Cleanup and (if leave=False) close the progressbar.""" def clear ( self , nomove = False ): """Articulate electric current bar display.""" def refresh ( self ): """ Force refresh the display of this bar. Parameters ---------- nolock : bool, optional If ``True``, does not lock. If [default: ``Imitation``]: calls ``learn()`` on internal lock. lock_args : tuple, optional Passed to internal lock'south ``acquire()``. If specified, will but ``display()`` if ``learn()`` returns ``True``. """ def unpause ( self ): """Restart tqdm timer from last print time.""" def reset ( self , total = None ): """ Resets to 0 iterations for repeated employ. Consider combining with ``leave=True``. Parameters ---------- total : int or float, optional. Total to apply for the new bar. """ def set_description ( self , desc = None , refresh = True ): """ Prepare/modify description of the progress bar. Parameters ---------- desc : str, optional refresh : bool, optional Forces refresh [default: True]. """ def set_postfix ( self , ordered_dict = None , refresh = True , ** tqdm_kwargs ): """ Gear up/modify postfix (boosted stats) with automatic formatting based on datatype. Parameters ---------- ordered_dict : dict or OrderedDict, optional refresh : bool, optional Forces refresh [default: Truthful]. kwargs : dict, optional """ @classmethod def write ( cls , south , file = sys . stdout , stop = " \n " ): """Print a bulletin via tqdm (without overlap with bars).""" @holding def format_dict ( self ): """Public API for read-only member access.""" def display ( cocky , msg = None , pos = None ): """ Use ``self.sp`` to brandish ``msg`` in the specified ``pos``. Consider overloading this function when inheriting to use e.g.: ``self.some_frontend(**self.format_dict)`` instead of ``self.sp``. Parameters ---------- msg : str, optional. What to display (default: ``repr(self)``). pos : int, optional. Position to ``moveto`` (default: ``abs(self.pos)``). """ @classmethod @contextmanager def wrapattr ( cls , stream , method , total = None , bytes = True , ** tqdm_kwargs ): """ stream : file-similar object. method : str, "read" or "write". The outcome of ``read()`` and the first statement of ``write()`` should have a ``len()``. >>> with tqdm.wrapattr(file_obj, "read", total=file_obj.size) as fobj: ... while True: ... clamper = fobj.read(chunk_size) ... if not chunk: ... pause """ @classmethod def pandas ( cls , * targs , ** tqdm_kwargs ): """Registers the current `tqdm` grade with `pandas`.""" def trange ( * args , ** tqdm_kwargs ): """ A shortcut for `tqdm(xrange(*args), **tqdm_kwargs)`. On Python3+, `range` is used instead of `xrange`. """
Convenience Functions
def tqdm . contrib . tenumerate ( iterable , get-go = 0 , full = None , tqdm_class = tqdm . auto . tqdm , ** tqdm_kwargs ): """Equivalent of `numpy.ndenumerate` or builtin `enumerate`.""" def tqdm . contrib . tzip ( iter1 , * iter2plus , ** tqdm_kwargs ): """Equivalent of builtin `zip`.""" def tqdm . contrib . tmap ( role , * sequences , ** tqdm_kwargs ): """Equivalent of builtin `map`."""
Submodules
class tqdm . notebook . tqdm ( tqdm . tqdm ): """IPython/Jupyter Notebook widget.""" class tqdm . automobile . tqdm ( tqdm . tqdm ): """Automatically chooses beween `tqdm.notebook` and `tqdm.tqdm`.""" class tqdm . asyncio . tqdm ( tqdm . tqdm ): """Asynchronous version.""" @classmethod def as_completed ( cls , fs , * , loop = None , timeout = None , total = None , ** tqdm_kwargs ): """Wrapper for `asyncio.as_completed`.""" class tqdm . gui . tqdm ( tqdm . tqdm ): """Matplotlib GUI version.""" grade tqdm . tk . tqdm ( tqdm . tqdm ): """Tkinter GUI version.""" class tqdm . rich . tqdm ( tqdm . tqdm ): """`rich.progress` version.""" grade tqdm . keras . TqdmCallback ( keras . callbacks . Callback ): """Keras callback for epoch and batch progress.""" class tqdm . dask . TqdmCallback ( dask . callbacks . Callback ): """Dask callback for job progress."""
contrib
The tqdm.contrib package likewise contains experimental modules:
- tqdm.contrib.itertools: Thin wrappers around itertools
- tqdm.contrib.concurrent: Thin wrappers around concurrent.futures
- tqdm.contrib.discord: Posts to Discord bots
- tqdm.contrib.telegram: Posts to Telegram bots
- tqdm.contrib.bells: Automagically enables all optional features
- motorcar, pandas, discord, telegram
Examples and Avant-garde Usage
- Run across the examples folder;
- import the module and run assist();
- consult the wiki;
- this has an splendid article on how to make a great progressbar;
- cheque out the slides from PyData London, or
- run the
.
Description and additional stats
Custom information can be displayed and updated dynamically on tqdm bars with the desc and postfix arguments:
from tqdm import tqdm , trange from random import random , randint from time import sleep with trange ( 10 ) equally t : for i in t : # Clarification will be displayed on the left t . set_description ( 'GEN %i ' % i ) # Postfix volition exist displayed on the correct, # formatted automatically based on statement's datatype t . set_postfix ( loss = random (), gen = randint ( 1 , 999 ), str = 'h' , lst = [ 1 , two ]) sleep ( 0.i ) with tqdm ( full = 10 , bar_format = " {postfix[0]} {postfix[ane][value]:>8.2g} " , postfix = [ "Batch" , dict ( value = 0 )]) equally t : for i in range ( 10 ): sleep ( 0.1 ) t . postfix [ 1 ][ "value" ] = i / 2 t . update ()
Points to call up when using {postfix[...]} in the bar_format string:
- postfix also needs to be passed as an initial argument in a compatible format, and
- postfix volition be motorcar-converted to a cord if it is a dict-like object. To forbid this behaviour, insert an extra item into the dictionary where the key is not a string.
Additional bar_format parameters may likewise be defined by overriding format_dict, and the bar itself may be modified using ascii:
from tqdm import tqdm class TqdmExtraFormat ( tqdm ): """Provides a `total_time` format parameter""" @property def format_dict ( self ): d = super ( TqdmExtraFormat , self ) . format_dict total_time = d [ "elapsed" ] * ( d [ "full" ] or 0 ) / max ( d [ "n" ], one ) d . update ( total_time = self . format_interval ( total_time ) + " in total" ) return d for i in TqdmExtraFormat ( range ( 9 ), ascii = " .oO0" , bar_format = " {total_time} : {percentage:.0f} %| {bar}{r_bar} " ): if i == 4 : break
00:00 in total: 44%|0000. | 4/9 [00:00<00:00, 962.93it/s]
Annotation that {bar} also supports a format specifier [width][type] .
- width
- unspecified (default): automated to fill up ncols
- int >= 0: stock-still width overriding ncols logic
- int < 0: subtract from the automatic default
- type
- a: ascii (ascii=Truthful override)
- u: unicode (ascii=False override)
- b: blank (ascii=" " override)
This means a fixed bar with correct-justified text may be created by using: bar_format="{l_bar}{bar:10}|{bar:-10b}right-justified"
Nested progress confined
tqdm supports nested progress bars. Here's an example:
from tqdm.auto import trange from time import sleep for i in trange ( 4 , desc = '1st loop' ): for j in trange ( 5 , desc = '2d loop' ): for k in trange ( fifty , desc = '3rd loop' , leave = Imitation ): sleep ( 0.01 )
For manual control over positioning (e.g. for multi-processing use), you may specify position=northward where n=0 for the outermost bar, n=i for the adjacent, and and then on. However, it's best to bank check if tqdm can work without manual position get-go.
from time import sleep from tqdm import trange , tqdm from multiprocessing import Puddle , RLock , freeze_support L = list ( range ( 9 )) def progresser ( north ): interval = 0.001 / ( due north + ii ) full = 5000 text = "# {} , est. {:<04.2} s" . format ( due north , interval * total ) for _ in trange ( full , desc = text , position = n ): sleep ( interval ) if __name__ == '__main__' : freeze_support () # for Windows back up tqdm . set_lock ( RLock ()) # for managing output contention p = Pool ( initializer = tqdm . set_lock , initargs = ( tqdm . get_lock (),)) p . map ( progresser , L )
Note that in Python 3, tqdm.write is thread-safe:
from time import slumber from tqdm import tqdm , trange from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor 50 = listing ( range ( nine )) def progresser ( north ): interval = 0.001 / ( n + ii ) total = 5000 text = "# {} , est. {:<04.2} south" . format ( n , interval * total ) for _ in trange ( total , desc = text ): slumber ( interval ) if n == 6 : tqdm . write ( "n == six completed." ) tqdm . write ( "`tqdm.write()` is thread-safe in py3!" ) if __name__ == '__main__' : with ThreadPoolExecutor () as p : p . map ( progresser , L )
Hooks and callbacks
tqdm can easily support callbacks/hooks and manual updates. Here's an case with urllib:
``urllib.urlretrieve`` documentation
[…]
If nowadays, the hook office will be chosen once
on institution of the network connectedness and once after each block read
thereafter. The hook will be passed three arguments; a count of blocks
transferred then far, a cake size in bytes, and the total size of the file.
[…]
import urllib , os from tqdm import tqdm urllib = getattr ( urllib , 'request' , urllib ) class TqdmUpTo ( tqdm ): """Provides `update_to(north)` which uses `tqdm.update(delta_n)`.""" def update_to ( self , b = i , bsize = 1 , tsize = None ): """ b : int, optional Number of blocks transferred and so far [default: ane]. bsize : int, optional Size of each block (in tqdm units) [default: 1]. tsize : int, optional Total size (in tqdm units). If [default: None] remains unchanged. """ if tsize is non None : cocky . total = tsize return self . update ( b * bsize - cocky . n ) # also sets self.due north = b * bsize eg_link = "https://caspersci.united kingdom.to/matryoshka.zip" with TqdmUpTo ( unit = 'B' , unit_scale = True , unit_divisor = 1024 , miniters = i , desc = eg_link . split ( '/' )[ - 1 ]) every bit t : # all optional kwargs urllib . urlretrieve ( eg_link , filename = os . devnull , reporthook = t . update_to , data = None ) t . total = t . n
Inspired past twine#242. Functional alternative in examples/tqdm_wget.py.
It is recommend to use miniters=one whenever in that location is potentially large differences in iteration speed (eastward.thou. downloading a file over a patchy connectedness).
Wrapping read/write methods
To measure throughput through a file-like object's read or write methods, use CallbackIOWrapper:
from tqdm.automobile import tqdm from tqdm.utils import CallbackIOWrapper with tqdm ( total = file_obj . size , unit = 'B' , unit_scale = True , unit_divisor = 1024 ) as t : fobj = CallbackIOWrapper ( t . update , file_obj , "read" ) while True : chunk = fobj . read ( chunk_size ) if not chunk : break t . reset () # ... go on to use `t` for something else
Alternatively, use the even simpler wrapattr convenience function, which would condense both the urllib and CallbackIOWrapper examples downwards to:
import urllib , bone from tqdm import tqdm eg_link = "https://caspersci.britain.to/matryoshka.zip" response = getattr ( urllib , 'request' , urllib ) . urlopen ( eg_link ) with tqdm . wrapattr ( open ( bone . devnull , "wb" ), "write" , miniters = 1 , desc = eg_link . split ( '/' )[ - 1 ], full = getattr ( response , 'length' , None )) every bit fout : for chunk in response : fout . write ( chunk )
The requests equivalent is well-nigh identical:
import requests , os from tqdm import tqdm eg_link = "https://caspersci.britain.to/matryoshka.zip" response = requests . go ( eg_link , stream = Truthful ) with tqdm . wrapattr ( open ( os . devnull , "wb" ), "write" , miniters = one , desc = eg_link . split ( '/' )[ - ane ], total = int ( response . headers . go ( 'content-length' , 0 ))) as fout : for clamper in response . iter_content ( chunk_size = 4096 ): fout . write ( clamper )
Custom callback
tqdm is known for intelligently skipping unnecessary displays. To make a custom callback accept advantage of this, simply employ the return value of update(). This is set to True if a brandish() was triggered.
from tqdm.auto import tqdm as std_tqdm def external_callback ( * args , ** kwargs ): ... class TqdmExt ( std_tqdm ): def update ( self , n = 1 ): displayed = super ( TqdmExt , self ) . update ( n ): if displayed : external_callback ( ** self . format_dict ) return displayed
asyncio
Note that break isn't currently defenseless by asynchronous iterators. This means that tqdm cannot clean upwards afterwards itself in this case:
from tqdm.asyncio import tqdm async for i in tqdm ( range ( 9 )): if i == 2 : interruption
Instead, either call pbar.close() manually or employ the context manager syntax:
from tqdm.asyncio import tqdm with tqdm ( range ( ix )) equally pbar : async for i in pbar : if i == two : break
Pandas Integration
Due to pop demand we've added support for pandas – here'southward an example for DataFrame.progress_apply and DataFrameGroupBy.progress_apply:
import pandas equally pd import numpy equally np from tqdm import tqdm df = pd . DataFrame ( np . random . randint ( 0 , 100 , ( 100000 , half-dozen ))) # Register `pandas.progress_apply` and `pandas.Series.map_apply` with `tqdm` # (tin can use `tqdm.gui.tqdm`, `tqdm.notebook.tqdm`, optional kwargs, etc.) tqdm . pandas ( desc = "my bar!" ) # At present you can utilize `progress_apply` instead of `apply` # and `progress_map` instead of `map` df . progress_apply ( lambda 10 : x ** 2 ) # can besides groupby: # df.groupby(0).progress_apply(lambda x: x**two)
In case you're interested in how this works (and how to modify it for your own callbacks), run into the examples folder or import the module and run assist().
Keras Integration
A keras callback is also bachelor:
from tqdm.keras import TqdmCallback ... model . fit ( ... , verbose = 0 , callbacks = [ TqdmCallback ()])
Dask Integration
A dask callback is as well available:
from tqdm.dask import TqdmCallback with TqdmCallback ( desc = "compute" ): ... arr . compute () # or utilise callback globally cb = TqdmCallback ( desc = "global" ) cb . annals () arr . compute ()
IPython/Jupyter Integration
IPython/Jupyter is supported via the tqdm.notebook submodule:
from tqdm.notebook import trange , tqdm from time import sleep for i in trange ( 3 , desc = '1st loop' ): for j in tqdm ( range ( 100 ), desc = '2nd loop' ): sleep ( 0.01 )
In improver to tqdm features, the submodule provides a native Jupyter widget (compatible with IPython v1-v4 and Jupyter), fully working nested bars and colour hints (blue: normal, green: completed, scarlet: mistake/interrupt, light blue: no ETA); as demonstrated below.
The notebook version supports percentage or pixels for overall width (e.g.: ncols='100%' or ncols='480px' ).
It is also possible to let tqdm automatically choose between console or notebook versions past using the autonotebook submodule:
from tqdm.autonotebook import tqdm tqdm . pandas ()
Note that this will issue a TqdmExperimentalWarning if run in a notebook since it is not meant to exist possible to distinguish betwixt jupyter notebook and jupyter panel. Use auto instead of autonotebook to suppress this warning.
Note that notebooks volition brandish the bar in the prison cell where information technology was created. This may be a different cell from the one where it is used. If this is not desired, either
- filibuster the creation of the bar to the cell where information technology must be displayed, or
- create the bar with display=False, and in a later on cell telephone call display(bar.container):
from tqdm.notebook import tqdm pbar = tqdm ( ... , display = False )
# different cell display ( pbar . container )
The keras callback has a display() method which can be used also:
from tqdm.keras import TqdmCallback cbk = TqdmCallback ( brandish = Fake )
# different cell cbk . display () model . fit ( ... , verbose = 0 , callbacks = [ cbk ])
Another possibility is to accept a single bar (near the top of the notebook) which is constantly re-used (using reset() rather than close()). For this reason, the notebook version (dissimilar the CLI version) does non automatically phone call shut() upon Exception.
from tqdm.notebook import tqdm pbar = tqdm ()
# unlike jail cell iterable = range ( 100 ) pbar . reset ( total = len ( iterable )) # initialise with new `full` for i in iterable : pbar . update () pbar . refresh () # force print final status only don't `close()`
Custom Integration
To change the default arguments (such as making dynamic_ncols=Truthful), only utilise congenital-in Python magic:
from functools import partial from tqdm import tqdm as std_tqdm tqdm = partial ( std_tqdm , dynamic_ncols = True )
For further customisation, tqdm may be inherited from to create custom callbacks (as with the TqdmUpTo case to a higher place) or for custom frontends (e.g. GUIs such as notebook or plotting packages). In the latter case:
- def __init__() to phone call super().__init__(..., gui=Truthful) to disable concluding status_printer cosmos.
- Redefine: close(), clear(), display().
Consider overloading display() to utilise east.g. self.frontend(**self.format_dict) instead of cocky.sp(repr(cocky)).
Some submodule examples of inheritance:
- tqdm/notebook.py
- tqdm/gui.py
- tqdm/tk.py
- tqdm/contrib/telegram.py
- tqdm/contrib/discord.py
Dynamic Monitor/Meter
Y'all can employ a tqdm as a meter which is not monotonically increasing. This could be because northward decreases (e.yard. a CPU usage monitor) or full changes.
I example would be recursively searching for files. The full is the number of objects found so far, while n is the number of those objects which are files (rather than folders):
from tqdm import tqdm import bone.path def find_files_recursively ( path , show_progress = True ): files = [] # total=1 assumes `path` is a file t = tqdm ( total = 1 , unit = "file" , disable = not show_progress ) if not bone . path . exists ( path ): raise IOError ( "Cannot notice:" + path ) def append_found_file ( f ): files . append ( f ) t . update () def list_found_dir ( path ): """returns os.listdir(path) bold os.path.isdir(path)""" listing = bone . listdir ( path ) # subtract i since a "file" nosotros found was actually this directory t . total += len ( listing ) - ane # fancy way to give info without forcing a refresh t . set_postfix ( dir = path [ - 10 :], refresh = Imitation ) t . update ( 0 ) # may trigger a refresh return listing def recursively_search ( path ): if bone . path . isdir ( path ): for f in list_found_dir ( path ): recursively_search ( os . path . join ( path , f )) else : append_found_file ( path ) recursively_search ( path ) t . set_postfix ( dir = path ) t . shut () return files
Using update(0) is a handy way to permit tqdm decide when to trigger a display refresh to avoid console spamming.
Writing messages
This is a work in progress (see #737).
Since tqdm uses a uncomplicated printing mechanism to display progress bars, yous should not write any message in the final using print() while a progressbar is open.
To write messages in the terminal without whatever collision with tqdm bar display, a .write() method is provided:
from tqdm.machine import tqdm , trange from time import slumber bar = trange ( 10 ) for i in bar : # Impress using tqdm grade method .write() sleep ( 0.1 ) if not ( i % 3 ): tqdm . write ( "Done task %i " % i ) # Tin can too utilise bar.write()
Past default, this will impress to standard output sys.stdout. but you can specify whatever file-like object using the file argument. For case, this can be used to redirect the messages writing to a log file or class.
Redirecting writing
If using a library that tin impress messages to the console, editing the library by replacing impress() with tqdm.write() may not be desirable. In that example, redirecting sys.stdout to tqdm.write() is an option.
To redirect sys.stdout, create a file-like class that will write any input cord to tqdm.write(), and supply the arguments file=sys.stdout, dynamic_ncols=True.
A reusable canonical instance is given below:
from time import slumber import contextlib import sys from tqdm import tqdm from tqdm.contrib import DummyTqdmFile @contextlib . contextmanager def std_out_err_redirect_tqdm (): orig_out_err = sys . stdout , sys . stderr attempt : sys . stdout , sys . stderr = map ( DummyTqdmFile , orig_out_err ) yield orig_out_err [ 0 ] # Relay exceptions except Exception equally exc : raise exc # Always restore sys.stdout/err if necessary finally : sys . stdout , sys . stderr = orig_out_err def some_fun ( i ): print ( "Fee, fi, fo," . carve up ()[ i ]) # Redirect stdout to tqdm.write() (don't forget the `every bit save_stdout`) with std_out_err_redirect_tqdm () as orig_stdout : # tqdm needs the original stdout # and dynamic_ncols=Truthful to autodetect console width for i in tqdm ( range ( iii ), file = orig_stdout , dynamic_ncols = True ): sleep ( .5 ) some_fun ( i ) # After the `with`, printing is restored impress ( "Done!" )
Redirecting logging
Similar to sys.stdout/sys.stderr equally detailed in a higher place, console logging may too be redirected to tqdm.write().
Warning: if also redirecting sys.stdout/sys.stderr, make sure to redirect logging get-go if needed.
Helper methods are available in tqdm.contrib.logging. For example:
import logging from tqdm import trange from tqdm.contrib.logging import logging_redirect_tqdm LOG = logging . getLogger ( __name__ ) if __name__ == '__main__' : logging . basicConfig ( level = logging . INFO ) with logging_redirect_tqdm (): for i in trange ( nine ): if i == 4 : LOG . info ( "console logging redirected to `tqdm.write()`" ) # logging restored
Monitoring thread, intervals and miniters
tqdm implements a few tricks to increase efficiency and reduce overhead.
- Avoid unnecessary frequent bar refreshing: mininterval defines how long to look between each refresh. tqdm always gets updated in the groundwork, but it will brandish just every mininterval.
- Reduce number of calls to cheque system clock/time.
- mininterval is more than intuitive to configure than miniters. A clever adjustment organisation dynamic_miniters will automatically adjust miniters to the corporeality of iterations that fit into fourth dimension mininterval. Substantially, tqdm will bank check if it'south fourth dimension to print without actually checking time. This behaviour can be still be bypassed by manually setting miniters.
However, consider a instance with a combination of fast and slow iterations. After a few fast iterations, dynamic_miniters will ready miniters to a big number. When iteration charge per unit subsequently slows, miniters volition remain big and thus reduce brandish update frequency. To address this:
- maxinterval defines the maximum fourth dimension between brandish refreshes. A concurrent monitoring thread checks for overdue updates and forces one where necessary.
The monitoring thread should not have a noticeable overhead, and guarantees updates at least every 10 seconds past default. This value can be direct changed by setting the monitor_interval of any tqdm instance (i.eastward. t = tqdm.tqdm(...); t.monitor_interval = 2). The monitor thread may exist disabled application-broad by setting tqdm.tqdm.monitor_interval = 0 before instantiation of any tqdm bar.
Contributions
All source code is hosted on GitHub. Contributions are welcome.
Run across the CONTRIBUTING file for more information.
Developers who accept fabricated significant contributions, ranked by SLoC (surviving lines of code, git fame -wMC --excl '\.(png|gif|jpg)$' ), are:
| Proper name | ID | SLoC | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Casper da Costa-Luis | casperdcl | ~78% | main maintainer |
| Stephen Larroque | lrq3000 | ~10% | team member |
| Martin Zugnoni | martinzugnoni | ~4% | |
| Daniel Ecer | de-lawmaking | ~ii% | |
| Richard Sheridan | richardsheridan | ~1% | |
| Guangshuo Chen | chengs | ~ane% | |
| Kyle Altendorf | altendky | <i% | |
| Matthew Stevens | mjstevens777 | <ane% | |
| Hadrien Mary | hadim | <ane% | team member |
| Noam Yorav-Raphael | noamraph | <1% | original writer |
| Mikhail Korobov | kmike | <1% | squad member |
LICENCE
Open Source (OSI approved):
Citation information:
(Since 19 May 2016)
Source: https://pypi.org/project/tqdm/
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